Status and consolidated list of threatened medicinal plants of India.

A wide array of medicinal plants in India, primarily used by locals for health care, have found wide acceptance and adoption globally (either directly or processed) due to distinct advantages of good results, low or no side-effects and ease of access to general public. Indigenous and traditional systems of medicine in practice since historical times have shown potential (direct or indirect as immune-boosters) against many dreaded ailments including the recent global pandemic of COVID-19. With prediction of sixth mass extinction, there is worldwide concern as majority of these plants, collected from natural stands, are also facing threat of extinction. Since 1990s concerted efforts have been directed towards assessment of threat status, the basic requirement for prioritizing conservation activity to various species of plants and animals. In literature there is staggered information regarding list of threatened plants, including medicinal plants of India, compiled at either state level or national or international level. Analysis of these publications led to collation of a consolidated list of 84 species and the same is presented here. A brief account of conservation efforts in India at national level and supportive policy framework is also included. This compilation is aimed to serve as a comprehensive reference especially for beginners, researchers, conservationists, foresters, pharmaceutical professionals as well as policy makers.

The role of policy narrators during crisis: A micro‐level analysis of the sourcing, synthesizing, and sharing of policy narratives in rural Texas

How do policymakers respond to crises? The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) answers this question by focusing on the contest over policy narratives. This paper focuses on the individuals constructing those policy narratives, conceptualizing them as policy narrators. Using a case study approach, we analyze seven counties located in a major oil and gas formation in Texas, which in early 2020 faced both an oil bust and the onset of COVID‐19. We explore four sets of propositions about how policy narrators source, synthesize, and share their policy narratives. We find that while their narratives vary, the structure of those narratives is similar;their backgrounds shape how they source narratives, and they tailor their levels of narrative breach to the action (or inaction) they hope for. They avoid casting other local actors as villains, place their audience as the hero, and situate themselves as either supporting or a member of that audience, stressing their common ties. From these findings, we put forward a working definition of policy narrators, identify how they fit into the NPF, and discuss how they relate to other types of policy actors, including policy entrepreneurs. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Resumen ¿Cómo responden los formuladores de políticas a las crisis? El Marco de Políticas Narrativas (NPF, por sus siglas en inglés) responde a esta pregunta centrándose en el debate sobre las narrativas de las políticas. Este artículo se enfoca en los individuos que construyen esas narrativas de políticas, conceptualizándolos como narradores de políticas. Usando un enfoque de estudio de caso, analizamos siete condados ubicados en una importante formación de petróleo y gas en Texas, que a principios de 2020 se enfrentó tanto a una caída del petróleo como a la aparición de COVID‐19. Exploramos cuatro conjuntos de proposiciones sobre cómo los narradores de políticas obtienen, sintetizan y comparten sus narrativas de políticas. Encontramos que mientras sus narrativas varían, la estructura de esas narrativas es similar;sus antecedentes dan forma a cómo obtienen las narrativas;y adaptan sus niveles de ruptura narrativa a la acción (o inacción) que esperan. Evitan presentar a otros actores locales como villanos, colocan a su audiencia como el héroe y se sitúan a sí mismos como apoyo o como miembro de esa audiencia, enfatizando sus lazos comunes. A partir de estos hallazgos, presentamos una definición de trabajo de los narradores de políticas, identificamos cómo encajan en el NPF y discutimos cómo se relacionan con otros tipos de actores de políticas, incluidos los empresarios de políticas. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] 摘要 政策制定者如何响应危机?叙事政策框架(NPF)通过聚焦于政策叙事的竞争，对该问题进行了回答。本文聚焦于对这些政策叙事加以建构的个体，将他们概念化为政策叙事者。通过使用一项案例研究方法，我们分析了位于德克萨斯州主要石油天然气岩层的七个县，这些县在2020年初面临着石油危机和2019冠状病毒病(COVID‐19)的爆发。我们探究了关于"政策叙事者如何获取、综合和分享其政策叙事”的四组命题。我们发现，虽然他们的叙事各不相同，但这些叙事的结构是相似的；他们的背景决定了其如何获取叙事；并且他们根据自身所希望的行动(或不行动)来调整其叙事的断裂程度。他们避免将其他的地方行动者塑造成反面人物(villain)，将其受众视为正面人物(hero)，并将自己定位为受众支持者或受众的一员，强调其共同关系。根据这些发现，我们提出了关于政策叙事者的初步定义，识别了其如何融入NPF，并探讨了其如何与其他类型的政策行动者(包括政策企业家)相联系。 (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Policy Studies Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Science policy frameworks for a post-pandemic green economic recovery

As current production and consumption patterns exceed planetary boundaries, many leaders have stressed the need to adopt green economic stimulus policies in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper provides an integrated multi-stakeholder framework to design an economic recovery strategy aligned with climate stabilisation objectives. We first employ quantitative energy and economic models, and then a multi-criteria decision process in which we engage social actors from government, enterprises and civil society. As a case study, we select green recovery measures that are relevant for a European Union country and assess their appropriateness with numerous criteria related to climate resilience and socio-economic sustainability. Results highlight trade-offs between immediate and long-run effects, economic and environmental objectives, and expert evidence and societal priorities. Importantly, we find that a ‘return-to-normal' economic stimulus is environmentally unsustainable and economically inferior to most green recovery schemes. © 2022 The Author(s)

Post-Pandemic Greenness? How Central Banks Use Narratives to Become Green

Suggested only a few years ago, green central banking has received a new impetus with the central bank interventions implemented in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several central banks, with the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of England (BoE) being prominent examples, have stepped up their public communication on this issue in an effort to explain and justify their planned or ongoing policy actions. Carefully recorded and easy to find, these public communication messages are a rich source of insight into the process of monetary policy formation. In this article, we analyze the messages from two central banks, with the primary objective of identifying the narratives they use (if any) and describing the key features of these narratives, thus shedding new light on an ongoing process of policy change. A secondary objective of the article is to contribute to the growing literature related to the use of narratives in public policy by studying narratives in monetary policy through qualitative means, an approach that, to date, has received relatively little attention from scholars. To this end, we discuss two expectations related to the use of policy narratives derived from the literature. Thus, we hope to show how the two central banks devise and deploy narratives to help implement an unprecedented turnaround in monetary policy. © 2023 by the authors.

How Can the EU Beating Cancer Plan Help in Tackling Lung Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Breast Cancer and Melanoma?

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in EU countries, and the needs to tackle cancer are obvious. New scientific understanding, techniques and methodologies are opening up horizons for significant improvements in diagnosis and care. However, take-up is uneven, research needs and potential outstrip currently available resources, manifestly beneficial practices-such as population-level screening for lung cancer-are still not generalised, and the quality of life of patients and survivors is only beginning to be given attention it merits. This paper, mainly based on a series of multistakeholder expert workshops organised by the European Alliance for Personalised Medicine (EAPM), looks at some of those specifics in the interest of planning a way forward. Part of this exercise also involves taking account of the specific nature of Europe and its constituent countries, where the complexities of planning a way forward are redoubled by the wide variations in national and regional approaches to cancer, local epidemiology and the wide disparities in health systems. Despite all the differences between cancers and national and regional resources and approaches to cancer care, there is a common objective in pursuing broader and more equal access to the best available care for all European citizens.

Impacts of COVID-19 on transport and responses to pandemic control in the Philippines

The Philippines, like any other country, especially in Southeast Asia, was not prepared in facing the threat of COVID-19 pandemic. The Government at the outset of the pandemic in early 2020 activated its Inter-Agency Task Force to handle the pandemic and how to address this. This endeavor would provide an overlook on how the country was affected by the pandemic and what were the strategies and approaches that were initiated and implemented to minimize the transmissions of the COVID-19 and negative impacts on the economy. After investigating the impacts of COVID-19 on the economy and notably on the transport environment, strategies and actions as well as suggestions for future policies to contain impacts of pandemics are made in a form of a planning policy framework.

Towards Better Pharmaceutical Provision in Europe-Who Decides the Future?

Significant progress has been achieved in human health in the European Union in recent years. New medicines, vaccines, and treatments have been developed to tackle some of the leading causes of disease and life-threatening illnesses. It is clear that investment in research and development (R&D) for innovative medicines and treatments is essential for making progress in preventing and treating diseases. Ahead of the legislative process, which should begin by the end of 2022, discussions focus on how Europe can best promote the huge potential benefits of new science and technology within the regulatory framework. The challenges in European healthcare were spelled out by the panellists at the roundtable organised by European Alliance for Personalised Medicine (EAPM). Outcomes from panellists' discussions have been summarized and re-arranged in this paper under five headings: innovation, unmet medical need, access, security of supply, adapting to progress, and efficiency. Some of the conclusions that emerged from the panel are a call for a better overall holistic vision of the future of pharmaceuticals and health in Europe and a collaborative effort among all stakeholders, seeing the delivery of medicines as part of a broader picture of healthcare.

Meeting the Need for a Discussion of Unmet Medical Need.

As Europe and the world continue to battle against COVID, the customary complacency of society over future threats is clearly on display. Just 30 months ago, such a massive disruption to global lives, livelihoods and quality of life seemed unimaginable. Some remedial European Union action is now emerging, and more is proposed, including in relation to tackling "unmet medical need" (UMN). This initiative-directing attention to the future of treating disease and contemplating incentives to stimulate research and development-is welcome in principle. But the current approach being considered by EU officials merits further discussion, because it may prove counter-productive, impeding rather than promoting innovation. This paper aims to feed into these ongoing policy discussions, and rather than presenting research in the classical sense, it discusses the key elements from a multistakeholder perspective. Its central concern is over the risk that the envisaged support will fail to generate valuable new treatments if the legislation is phrased in a rigidly linear manner that does not reflect the serpentine realities of the innovation process, or if the definition placed on unmet medical need is too restrictive. It cautions that such an approach presumes that "unmet need" can be precisely and comprehensively defined in advance on the basis of the past. It cautions that such an approach can reinforce the comfortable delusion that the future is totally predictable-the delusion that left the world as easy prey to COVID. Instead, the paper urges reflection on how the legislation that will shortly enter the pipeline can be phrased so as to allow for the flourishing of a culture capable of rapid adaptation to the unexpected.

Fitting and prediction of China's output gap: An empirical study on ARMA model

Output gap is an important index to analyze the macroeconomic operation situation. In the macroeconomic policy framework, the formulation of many policies depends on evaluating the output gap. According to the impact of COVID-19 on China's economic growth in 2020, this paper aims to explore the future change law of China's output gap. Firstly, China's real GDP growth rate data is calculated according to the original GDP data. Secondly, the potential output and output gap are estimated by H-P filtering method. Finally, the output gap series is brought into the ARMA model for fitting and prediction. To sum up, under the influence of COVID-19, China's actual economic growth level was significantly lower than the potential economic growth in 2020, forming a higher negative output gap. The epidemic's impact on China's actual economic growth will last for four years, and China's output gap will return to a stable state slightly less than zero in 2025. © COPYRIGHT SPIE.

Circular Economy in the agri-food sector: a policy overview

Agri-food is the second manufacturing sector in Italy, due to its strategic nature. However,it is affected by several problematics, and one of the most severe is the generation of wastes and by-products. The circular economy could be a winning approach to improve the sustainability of the food supply chain. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current policy situation in Europe, with a focus on Italy. The history of circular economy policies in Europe started recently, and is continuing nowadays with the New Circular Economy Action Plan. Italy is in the top position for circularity, even if it has not yet implemented a proper circular economy policy. Future actions should concentrate on developing innovative circular models for the agri-food sector. © 2021 Firenze University Press. All Rights Reserved.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the human resources for health in India and key policy areas to build a resilient health workforce.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the already low resourced, fragmented and largely unregulated health systems in countries like India. It has only further exacerbated the stress on human resources for health (HRH) in many unanticipated ways. We explored the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the health workforce in India, and analytically extrapolated the learnings to draw critical components to be addressed in the HRH policies, which can further be used to develop a detailed 'health workforce resilience' policy. We examined the existing literature and media reports published during the pandemic period, covering the gaps and challenges that impeded the performance of the health workers. Recommendations were designed by studying the learnings from various measures taken within India and in some other countries. We identified seven key areas that could be leveraged and improved for strengthening resilience among the health workforce. The system-level factors (at macro level) include developing a health workforce resilience policy, planning and funding for emergency preparedness, stakeholder engagement and incentivization mechanisms; the organization-level factors (meso level) include identifying HRH bench strength, mobilizing the health workforce, psycho-social support, protection from disease; and the individual-level factors (micro level) include measures around self-care by health workers. In keeping with the interdisciplinary nature of the associated factors, we emphasize on developing a future-ready health workforce using a multi-sectoral approach for building its strength and resilience.

The Methodology and Application of a Migration with Dignity Framework

The scale of migration is increasing, and while great uncertainty exists in identifying exact numbers, the estimated number of international migrants is already surpassing 2050 projections in the order of 2.6%, or 230 million. As people migrate, they face a number of challenges including exposure to disease and other health threats, violence and assualt, trafficking and unlawful detention. However, of the protections avail-able to migrants, the implementation and realization of these protections and how they impact the individual experiences of migrants and their loss of human rights and dignity rights across the migration cycle, are lacking. In acknowledgement of this, McClain et al. developed a legal and policy framework for Migration with Dignity, which identified six fundamental elements central to the migration experience that can supplement and support the implementation of migrant protections. The framework was built upon the foundational policy of former President of Kiribati, Anote Tong, who understood the climate change was impacting the lives and livelihoods of his people and that in the face of diminishing land area and opportunities, that the Kiribati should have the opportunity to determine when and how they migrate, and that in doing so that they are able to live a life that is equal to or better than the one they left behind. The Migration with Dignity framework offers an opportunity to provide policy and legal options to governments, policy makers, and NGO’s for how to improve to consider the dignity of migrants while they move, and improve the transition of migrants into new set-tings, while also fostering opportunities for improved livelihoods. However, in order to provide these opportunities, the framework would benefit from additional application of the fundamental elements across different contexts and in different settings. With this in mind, this article provides the necessary methodology for considering the social and legal dimensions of the framework, it also provides examples for how to apply the framework across multiple contexts. © Fuji Technology Press Ltd.

Assessing the Performance of Current Strategic Policy Directions towards Unfolding the Potential of the Culture–Tourism Nexus in the Greek Territory

In the UN Agenda 2030, tourism acquires a salient position as a critical sector, directly or indirectly influencing a number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The pursuit of Sustainable Tourism (ST) is founded on the respectful exploitation of the sector’s core ‘raw material’, i.e., the precious and vulnerable nexus of natural and cultural heritage, and a cooperative multi-actor endeavor of all those having a stake in this shared good. Strategic tourism policy decisions, formulated at the state level, frame actors’ actions, favoring a balance among economic, societal and environmental goals;and a transparent, concrete and supportive investment landscape, allowing the tourism sector to blossom. But how successful are these policy decisions in promoting a sustainable, resilient and durable tourism model by instigating the entrepreneurial community to invest in the vibrant culture–tourism complex? An effort to respond to this concern is made in this work, grounded in the ‘Culture–Tourism–Policy’ triptych and their interaction, the ‘policy cycle’ as a means of assessing policy performance towards establishing a sustainable/resilient ‘marriage’ of ‘Culture–Tourism’, and GIS-enabled spatial data management for an evidence-based assessment of policy outcomes. These three factors are closely intertwined in the assessment of strategic tourism policy decisions’ performance in a culturally vibrant and highly reputed destination, Greece.

He 'A'ali'i Kū Makani Mai Au: Developing a Cultural Framework for Advancing COVID-19 Related, Community-informed Health Policies

The Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander community found itself on the front pages of national news when the COVID-19 pandemic struck the United States. By April 2020, the small, frequently overlooked community experienced the highest COVID-19 case rates in 5 states including Hawai'i. In response, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander networks across the US were mobilized to address the crisis. In Hawai'i, the Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander COVID-19 Response, Recovery, and Resilience Team was created. Framed by Indigenous Pacific based cultural values, protocols, and practices, the team consists of multiple committees that examine policy;testing, contract tracing, and isolation;communications;social supports and resources;and data and research. Inherent in this work are the shared core values of pono (righteousness, goodness), aloha (love, compassion), laulima (cooperation), and imua (moving forward with strength) as well as an 'ohana/aiga (family)-based, kuleana (responsibility)-centric approach that acknowledges, honors, and values 'ike kūpuna (ancestral knowledge). With the burden of not only COVID-19 disparities, but also chronic diseases and socioeconomic disparities that place Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities at increased risk for adverse impacts from COVID-19, an effective response is critical. This article, authored by members of the Team's Policy Committee, discusses the development of a cultural framework that guides its advocacy efforts. The Policy Committee's work presents a cultural framework that grounds and guides their efforts for effectively promoting a strong voice in governmental and agency policies which would ultimately contribute to a healthy and thriving Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander community. ©Copyright 2021 by University Health Partners of Hawai‘i (UHP Hawai‘i).

Implications of Covid-19 for Labour and Employment in India.

The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the world into an unprecedented crisis and uncertainty, calling to expedite the implementation of the Centenary Declaration. It called upon constituents to pursue 'with unrelenting vigour its [ILO] constitutional mandate for social justice by further developing its human centred approach to the future of work'. It called for putting workers' rights and the needs, aspirations and rights of all people at the heart of economic, social and environmental policies. The international community and ILO's constituents have engaged in a collective endeavour to tackle the devastating human impact of the pandemic, but more is needed.